Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js

Overview

axios

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Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js

New axios docs website: click here

Table of Contents

Features

  • Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
  • Make http requests from node.js
  • Supports the Promise API
  • Intercept request and response
  • Transform request and response data
  • Cancel requests
  • Automatic transforms for JSON data
  • πŸ†• Automatic data object serialization to multipart/form-data and x-www-form-urlencoded body encodings
  • Client side support for protecting against XSRF

Browser Support

Chrome Firefox Safari Opera Edge IE
Latest βœ” Latest βœ” Latest βœ” Latest βœ” Latest βœ” 11 βœ”

Browser Matrix

Installing

Using npm:

$ npm install axios

Using bower:

$ bower install axios

Using yarn:

$ yarn add axios

Using pnpm:

$ pnpm add axios

Using jsDelivr CDN:

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Using unpkg CDN:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Example

note: CommonJS usage

In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with require() use the following approach:

const axios = require('axios').default;

// axios.<method> will now provide autocomplete and parameter typings

Performing a GET request

const axios = require('axios').default;

// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    // handle success
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    // handle error
    console.log(error);
  })
  .then(function () {
    // always executed
  });

// Optionally the request above could also be done as
axios.get('/user', {
    params: {
      ID: 12345
    }
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  })
  .then(function () {
    // always executed
  });  

// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
async function getUser() {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
    console.log(response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
}

NOTE: async/await is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.

Performing a POST request

axios.post('/user', {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

Performing multiple concurrent requests

function getUserAccount() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
  .then(function (results) {
    const acct = results[0];
    const perm = results[1];
  });

axios API

Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to axios.

axios(config)
// Send a POST request
axios({
  method: 'post',
  url: '/user/12345',
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  }
});
// GET request for remote image in node.js
axios({
  method: 'get',
  url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
  responseType: 'stream'
})
  .then(function (response) {
    response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
  });
axios(url[, config])
// Send a GET request (default method)
axios('/user/12345');

Request method aliases

For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.

axios.request(config)
axios.get(url[, config])
axios.delete(url[, config])
axios.head(url[, config])
axios.options(url[, config])
axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
NOTE

When using the alias methods url, method, and data properties don't need to be specified in config.

Concurrency (Deprecated)

Please use Promise.all to replace the below functions.

Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.

axios.all(iterable) axios.spread(callback)

Creating an instance

You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.

axios.create([config])
const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
  timeout: 1000,
  headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

Instance methods

The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.

axios#request(config)
axios#get(url[, config])
axios#delete(url[, config])
axios#head(url[, config])
axios#options(url[, config])
axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
axios#getUri([config])

Request Config

These are the available config options for making requests. Only the url is required. Requests will default to GET if method is not specified.

{
  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
  url: '/user',

  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
  method: 'get', // default

  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },

  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional config in charge of serializing `params`
  paramsSerializer: {
    indexes: null // array indexes format (null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes)
  },

  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred'
  },
  
  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
  // method post
  // only the value is sent, not the key
  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',

  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)

  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default

  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },

  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
  auth: {
    username: 'janedoe',
    password: 's00pers3cret'
  },

  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
  //   browser only: 'blob'
  responseType: 'json', // default

  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default

  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  // browser only
  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  // browser only
  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
  maxContentLength: 2000,

  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
  maxBodyLength: 2000,

  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },

  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 21, // default

  // `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
  // Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
  // to inspect the latest response headers,
  // or to cancel the request by throwing an error
  // If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
  beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
    if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
      options.auth = "user:password";
    }
  },

  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default

  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

  // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`. 
  proxy: {
    protocol: 'https',
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: 'mikeymike',
      password: 'rapunz3l'
    }
  },

  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  }),

  // an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
  signal: new AbortController().signal,

  // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed 
  // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header 
  // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
  // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
  decompress: true // default

  // `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
  // Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
  // This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
  // Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
  // see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
  // see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
  insecureHTTPParser: undefined // default

  // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
  transitional: {
    // silent JSON parsing mode
    // `true`  - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
    // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
    silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version

    // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
    forcedJSONParsing: true,
    
    // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
    clarifyTimeoutError: false,
  },

  env: {
    // The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
    FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
  },

  formSerializer: {
      visitor: (value, key, path, helpers)=> {}; // custom visitor funaction to serrialize form values
      dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
      metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key 
      indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
  }
}

Response Schema

The response for a request contains the following information.

{
  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
  data: {},

  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
  status: 200,

  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
  statusText: 'OK',

  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
  // All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
  headers: {},

  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
  config: {},

  // `request` is the request that generated this response
  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
  request: {}
}

When using then, you will receive the response as follows:

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    console.log(response.status);
    console.log(response.statusText);
    console.log(response.headers);
    console.log(response.config);
  });

When using catch, or passing a rejection callback as second parameter of then, the response will be available through the error object as explained in the Handling Errors section.

Config Defaults

You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.

Global axios defaults

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';

// Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
// See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

Custom instance defaults

// Set config defaults when creating the instance
const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
});

// Alter defaults after instance has been created
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

Config order of precedence

Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in lib/defaults.js, then defaults property of the instance, and finally config argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.

// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
const instance = axios.create();

// Override timeout default for the library
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;

// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
instance.get('/longRequest', {
  timeout: 5000
});

Interceptors

You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by then or catch.

// Add a request interceptor
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
    // Do something before request is sent
    return config;
  }, function (error) {
    // Do something with request error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

// Add a response interceptor
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
    // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response data
    return response;
  }, function (error) {
    // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.

const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses

You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});

When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution.

axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
  return config;
}, null, { synchronous: true });

If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check, you can add a runWhen function to the options object. The interceptor will not be executed if and only if the return of runWhen is false. The function will be called with the config object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times.

function onGetCall(config) {
  return config.method === 'get';
}
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
  return config;
}, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });

Multiple Interceptors

Given you add multiple response interceptors and when the response was fulfilled

  • then each interceptor is executed
  • then they are executed in the order they were added
  • then only the last interceptor's result is returned
  • then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
  • and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
    • then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
    • then the following rejection-interceptor is called
    • once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).

Read the interceptor tests for seeing all this in code.

Handling Errors

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    if (error.response) {
      // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
      // that falls out of the range of 2xx
      console.log(error.response.data);
      console.log(error.response.status);
      console.log(error.response.headers);
    } else if (error.request) {
      // The request was made but no response was received
      // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
      // http.ClientRequest in node.js
      console.log(error.request);
    } else {
      // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
      console.log('Error', error.message);
    }
    console.log(error.config);
  });

Using the validateStatus config option, you can define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
  }
})

Using toJSON you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error.toJSON());
  });

Cancellation

AbortController

Starting from v0.22.0 Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:

const controller = new AbortController();

axios.get('/foo/bar', {
   signal: controller.signal
}).then(function(response) {
   //...
});
// cancel the request
controller.abort()

CancelToken πŸ‘Ždeprecated

You can also cancel a request using a CancelToken.

The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn cancelable promises proposal.

This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects

You can create a cancel token using the CancelToken.source factory as shown below:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
const source = CancelToken.source();

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: source.token
}).catch(function (thrown) {
  if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
    console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
  } else {
    // handle error
  }
});

axios.post('/user/12345', {
  name: 'new name'
}, {
  cancelToken: source.token
})

// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');

You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the CancelToken constructor:

const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
let cancel;

axios.get('/user/12345', {
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
    // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
    cancel = c;
  })
});

// cancel the request
cancel();

Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller. If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.

During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:

Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format

URLSearchParams

By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to JSON. To send data in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format instead, you can use the URLSearchParams API, which is supported in the vast majority of browsers, and Node starting with v10 (released in 2018).

const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
params.append('extraparam', 'value');
axios.post('/foo', params);

Query string (Older browsers)

For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a polyfill available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).

Alternatively, you can encode data using the qs library:

const qs = require('qs');
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));

Or in another way (ES6),

import qs from 'qs';
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
const options = {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
  data: qs.stringify(data),
  url,
};
axios(options);

Older Node.js versions

For older Node.js engines, you can use the querystring module as follows:

const querystring = require('querystring');
axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));

You can also use the qs library.

NOTE: The qs library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the querystring method has known issues with that use case.

πŸ†• Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams

Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

const data = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
};

await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
  {headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
);

The server will handle it as

  {
    x: '1',
    'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'arr2[0]': '1',
    'arr2[1][0]': '2',
    'arr2[2]': '3',
    'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
    'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
    'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
    'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
    'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
  }

If your backend body-parser (like body-parser of express.js) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically

  var app = express();
  
  app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies
  
  app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
     // echo body as JSON
     res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
  });

  server = app.listen(3000);

Using multipart/form-data format

FormData

To send the data as a multipart/formdata you need to pass a formData instance as a payload. Setting the Content-Type header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.

const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('foo', 'bar');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);

In node.js, you can use the form-data library as follows:

const FormData = require('form-data');
 
const form = new FormData();
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));

axios.post('https://example.com', form)

πŸ†• Automatic serialization to FormData

Starting from v0.27.0, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request Content-Type header is set to multipart/form-data.

The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):

import axios from 'axios';

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data})=> console.log(data));

In the node.js build, the (form-data) polyfill is used by default.

You can overload the FormData class by setting the env.FormData config variable, but you probably won't need it in most cases:

const axios= require('axios');
var FormData = require('form-data');

axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
  }
}).then(({data})=> console.log(data));

Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:

  • {} - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
  • [] - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key

NOTE: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects

FormData serializer supports additional options via config.formSerializer: object property to handle rare cases:

  • visitor: Function - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object to a FormData object by following custom rules.

  • dots: boolean = false - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;

  • metaTokens: boolean = true - add the special ending (e.g user{}: '{"name": "John"}') in the FormData key. The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.

  • indexes: null|false|true = false - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of flat array-like objects

    • null - don't add brackets (arr: 1, arr: 2, arr: 3)
    • false(default) - add empty brackets (arr[]: 1, arr[]: 2, arr[]: 3)
    • true - add brackets with indexes (arr[0]: 1, arr[1]: 2, arr[2]: 3)

Let's say we have an object like this one:

const obj = {
  x: 1,
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  arr2: [1, [2], 3],
  users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
  'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
};

The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:

const formData= new FormData();
formData.append('x', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '1');
formData.append('arr[]', '2');
formData.append('arr[]', '3');
formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');

Axios supports the following shortcut methods: postForm, putForm, patchForm which are just the corresponding http methods with the Content-Type header preset to multipart/form-data.

Files Posting

You can easily sumbit a single file

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'myVar' : 'foo',
  'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0] 
});

or multiple files as multipart/form-data.

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
  'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files 
});

FileList object can be passed directly:

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)

All files will be sent with the same field names: files[].

πŸ†• HTML Form Posting (browser)

Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as multipart/form-data content.

await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));

FormData and HTMLForm objects can also be posted as JSON by explicitly setting the Content-Type header to application/json:

await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  }
})

For example, the Form

<form id="form">
  <input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
  <input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
  <input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
  <input type="text" name="baz" value="5">

  <select name="user.age">
    <option value="value1">Value 1</option>
    <option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
    <option value="value3">Value 3</option>
  </select>

  <input type="submit" value="Save">
</form>

will be submitted as the following JSON object:

{
  "foo": "1",
  "deep": {
    "prop": {
      "spaced": "3"
    }
  },
  "baz": [
    "4",
    "5"
  ],
  "user": {
    "age": "value2"
  }
}

Sending Blobs/Files as JSON (base64) is not currently supported.

Semver

Until axios reaches a 1.0 release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example 0.5.1, and 0.5.4 will have the same API, but 0.6.0 will have breaking changes.

Promises

axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be supported. If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can polyfill.

TypeScript

axios includes TypeScript definitions and a type guard for axios errors.

let user: User = null;
try {
  const { data } = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
  user = data.userDetails;
} catch (error) {
  if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
    handleAxiosError(error);
  } else {
    handleUnexpectedError(error);
  }
}

Online one-click setup

You can use Gitpod, an online IDE(which is free for Open Source) for contributing or running the examples online.

Open in Gitpod

Resources

Credits

axios is heavily inspired by the $http service provided in AngularJS. Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone $http-like service for use outside of AngularJS.

License

MIT

Comments
  • Content-Type application/x-www-form-urlencoded

    Content-Type application/x-www-form-urlencoded

    Try to send request with content type application/x-www-form-urlencoded

    var data = Querystring.stringify({ 
                    "grant_type": "password",
                    "username": login,
                    "password": password
                });
    axios.post(Urls.login, data);
    

    but there is no such header in request.

    I tried to use code:

      var data = Querystring.stringify({ 
                    "grant_type": "password",
                    "username": login,
                    "password": password
                });
            return axios({
                method: 'post',
                url: Urls.login,
                data: data,
                headers: {
                    'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                }
            });
    

    same problem

    jquery code works fine:

    $.ajax({
                url: Urls.login,
                data: data,
                type: "POST",
                headers: {
                    'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                }
            });
    

    How can I use axios to send request with this header?

    opened by alborozd 220
  • Getting 'Cross-Origin Request Blocked' on a GET request

    Getting 'Cross-Origin Request Blocked' on a GET request

    Summary

    I'm making a GET request to 4chan's API for retrieving threads from a board. This is my code:

    const board = this.props.routeParams.tag;
    var config = {
        headers: {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'}
    };
    axios.get('https://a.4cdn.org/' + board + '/threads.json', config)
        .then(function (response) {
            console.log(response.data);
    });
    

    I receive the following warning:

    Cross-Origin Request Blocked: The Same Origin Policy disallows reading the remote resource at https://a.4cdn.org/a/threads.json. (Reason: CORS header β€˜Access-Control-Allow-Origin’ missing). As seen above, I have added the relevant header, but it does not solve the issue. I made the same request from my terminal using cURL and it worked fine.

    Context

    • axios version: e.g.: v0.16.0
    • Environment: e.g.: node v6.9.4, Firefox 51.0.1, Ubuntu 14.04
    opened by adl1995 143
  • Can't get a .post with 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' to work

    Can't get a .post with 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' to work

    I've spent a few hours today trying to get a post request to work with a few parameters and a file that I need to upload.

    I was able to make it work with pure javascript and XMLHttpRequest but it doesn't work with Axios. What am I doing wrong?

    Here's the code that works using XMLHttpRequest:

    let data = new FormData();
    
    data.append('action', 'ADD');
    data.append('param', 0);
    data.append('secondParam', 0);
    data.append('file', new Blob([payload], { type: 'text/csv' }));
    
    // this works
    let request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open('POST', url);
    request.send(data);
    

    What would be the 'Axios' version of that?

    Here's one of my tries (the simple one):

    // this won't work
    const config = { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' } };
        axios.post(url, data, config)
        .then(response => console.log(response))
        .catch(errors => console.log(errors));
    

    Thank you! And thanks for your great work with Axios!

    opened by rafaelbiten 99
  • [Community Contest] A logo for Axios

    [Community Contest] A logo for Axios

    Axios has grown to become a popular library with over 3 million weekly downloads on npm. I think it's time axios has its own logo, just like many other major libraries out there. I've designed a concept for the logo, and I hope you guys like it.

    Page 1 Page 2 Page 3

    The logo is based on the concept of request and response. The first one is a square icon/profile picture. The second and third are full logos. These images are not full size, so if you do like them and plan to use them, I can send you the full sized files.

    Edit: Should we count πŸ‘ reactions to this parent comment as votes for this logo submission, or just people in favor of a new logo in general? I can make a a second comment for votes for this submission, or we can do a proper poll with strawpoll later when people are done submitting their ideas.

    feature 
    opened by richiksc 97
  • Axios catch error returns javascript error not server response

    Axios catch error returns javascript error not server response

    Im trying to catch validation errors from the server.

    Code:

    axios.post('/formulas/create', {
           name: "",
           parts: ""
    })
    .then( 
    	(response) => { console.log(response) },
    	(error) => { console.log(error) }
    );
    

    Console log output

    Error: Request failed with status code 422
        at createError (app.js:6765)
        at settle (app.js:29489)
        at XMLHttpRequest.handleLoad (app.js:6600)
    

    Network tab output {"name":["The name field is required."],"parts":["The parts field is required."]}

    I should be seeing an object that contains JSON form validation as that is the response in my network tab, i seem to get the JS catch output?

    Also tried the following:

    axios.post('/formulas/create', {
    	name: "",
    	parts: ""
    })
    .then(response => { 
    	console.log(response)
    })
    .catch(error => {
        console.log(error)
    });
    

    Same result

    More people seem to have the same problem using the same enviroment as me here. https://laracasts.com/discuss/channels/vue/issues-with-axios-catch-method

    • Axios version: ^0.16.2
    • VueJS 2.3.4
    • Vue-template-compiler 2.3.4
    • Laravel-mix
    • Environment: node v6.4.0, chrome 58, Mac OSX 10.12.4
    opened by jiimmeh 87
  • Request params are not getting merged with instance params

    Request params are not getting merged with instance params

    Describe the bug

    Specific request params do not get merged with the instance default params.

    To Reproduce

    const instance = axios.create({
        baseURL: "http://www.example.com",
        params: {
          q: "question",
        }
      });
    
    instance.get("/page", 
      { 
        params: { 
          page: 2 
        }
      }
    )
    

    What happens is that the request param object overrides the instance default param object. The instance no longer has a query param of q.

    Expected behavior

    According to the docs, all configuration options are merged. https://github.com/axios/axios#instance-methods

    I expected request to contain both q and page params. This is also how it was working in version 0.18.0, which is how I noticed.

    Environment:

    • Axios Version: 0.19.0
    • OS: 10.14.5 (18F132)
    • Browser: Node Express, and Chrome
    • Browser: Node 10.15.0, Chrome Version 74.0.3729.169 (Official Build) (64-bit)
    opened by zackseuberling 84
  • TypeError: axios.get is not a function (v1.1.0)

    TypeError: axios.get is not a function (v1.1.0)

    Describe the bug

    The new version of axios (v1.1.0) is throwing an error for axios.get: TypeError: axios.get is not a function.

    Note: This issue was not present in v1.0.0

    To Reproduce

    Include axio v1.1.0 via a <script> tag, and then reference it directly via axios.get()

    <script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        axios.get(...)
    </script>
    

    Expected behavior

    axios.get should be a valid function.

    Environment

    • Axios Version 1.1.0
    opened by addisonhardy 76
  • Don't send default header

    Don't send default header

    If a header has been set as a default, there does not appear to be any way to skip it on an individual request. Setting null or undefined doesn't do anything.

    opened by kyeotic 71
  • cannot get cross-site POST to work

    cannot get cross-site POST to work

    Hello,

    Thanks for the great work. Although that were some releases targeting cross-site requests, I still can't get it to work. I dug through the previous posts and tried adding:

    • crossDomain: true
    • xDomain: true *xDomainRequest: true

    to the config. And none of them worked. (If this feature is actually available, updating the readme would help.)

    Please advise ASAP. Thank you.

    opened by j-planet 70
  • Set a code/status for

    Set a code/status for "Network Error"

    I'm trying to detect when my server is down so that I can display an appropriate error message to the user.

    In this case, axios network requests throw an error which is different from all other axios errors, as discussed here: https://github.com/mzabriskie/axios/issues/204

    In my code, it seems the only way to detect this error is to check err.message: if (err.message === "Network Error"){/*tell user the server is down*/}

    This bothers me because string comparisons are a little risky; perhaps some day this message will be translated, and my code will fail.

    It would be great if err.status or err.code (or err.???) were set to some documented value that we can check for in our code.

    Is there any other way to detect this scenario that I'm missing? Thanks all!

    opened by jonathan-stone 69
  • React native IOS Network Error

    React native IOS Network Error

    Describe the bug

    While making any post request using Axios package. I am getting a Network error. While the same API seems to be working perfectly fine with Android devices. It is not an issue with the API.

    To Reproduce

    Axios post request throws a network error message. If I make the call again inside the catch block then it works fine.

    axios
          .post(
            base_url + 'generatePaymentIntent',
            {
              // unit_id: 1,
              token: obj,
              order_type: 'ORD',
              order_data: {
                order_type: order_type,
                apt_id: apt_id,
              },
            },
            Loginheader,
          )
            .then(item => {
            this.setState({
              loading: false,
            });
            console.log('--------generate intent----------');
              console.log(item);
            if (item.data.code === 200) {
              const {price} = item.data.data.order_data;
              
    
              this.displayPaymentModal(
                'Confirm Payment',
                `Final Price: $${price}`,
                this.props.navigation,
                item.data.code,
                'Make Payment',
                item.data.data,
              );
            }
          })
          .catch(e => {
            this.setState({
              loading: false,
            });
            console.log('--------catch generate intent----------');
            // console.log(e.response);
            // const {message, code} = e.response;
            // this.retryPopup(
            //   `Error getting payment Intent`,
            //   message,
            //   '',
            //   code,
            //   'onetime',
            // );
            console.log(e.response);
    
            console.log(JSON.stringify(e));
    
            if (e.message === 'Network Error') {
              // this.makeOneTimePayment(order_type, apt_id);
              this.retryPopup(
                  `Error getting payment Intent`,
                  'RETRY',
                  '',
                  '400',
                  'onetime',
                );
            }
          });
    

    Expected behavior

    It shouldn't through network error. What should be done to fix this behavior specifically for iOS devices/simulators.

    Environment

    • Axios Version [e.g. 0.19.2]
    • Additional Library Versions [e.g. React 16.9.0, React Native 0.62.2]

    Additional context/Screenshots

    N/A

    opened by swapnilshah09 65
  • Type error when attempting to iterate through AxiosHeaders class

    Type error when attempting to iterate through AxiosHeaders class

    Describe the bug

    Axios 1.22 added Symbol.iterator implementation for the AxiosHeader class.

    However attempting to iterate through the headers class (for example - using Object.fromEntries(headers)) results in a type error.

    It looks like Symbol.iterator has been implemented in the code for the AxiosHeaders class but has been missed in the Typescript definitions.

    To Reproduce

    No response

    Code snippet

    const headers = new AxiosHeaders({foo: "bar"})
    
    for (const header of headers) {
        console.log(header);
    }
    
    error TS2488: Type 'AxiosHeaders' must have a '[Symbol.iterator]()' method that returns an iterator.
    

    Expected behavior

    AxiosHeaders should be iterable.

    Axios Version

    No response

    Adapter Version

    No response

    Browser

    No response

    Browser Version

    No response

    Node.js Version

    No response

    OS

    No response

    Additional Library Versions

    No response

    Additional context/Screenshots

    No response

    opened by podjames 0
  • Possible bug? - Axios not interpreting large comments correctly

    Possible bug? - Axios not interpreting large comments correctly

    Describe the issue

    Unsing node.js, I am trying to scrape a particular webpage (https://www.pro-football-reference.com/hof/). I am specifically trying to scrape all three sections (Players, Coaches and Contributors). I can scrape the first section (players) with no issues. However, the other two are not being read correctly. It looks like it has something to do with large comment blocks that are placed before both the Coaches and Contributors sections. When I look at the axios.get response, the large comments are mostly removed, but the DOM returned (for Coaches) looks like this:

    . When I send the response to Cheerio, it doesn't see anything past this DOM. I think this is an Axios issue and not a Cheerio issue, but I am not 100% sure.

    Can anyone help? Thanks in advance! - DLT

    Example Code

    async function getWebsiteContent(url, with_Cheerio, debug_mode) {
          // This function will go to the provied URL, scrape the entire page and return the data for Cheerio to parse
            try {
              url = url.replaceAll(" ", "_")
              const response = await axios.get(url)
             
              //provide some debug info if requesed
              if (debug_mode == true) {
                //await delay(2000);
                console.log(url);
                fs.writeFile("debug_info.txt", response.data, function(err) {
                if(err) {
                  return console.log("THERE WAS AN ERROR SAVING THE LOG:" , err);
                }
                  console.log("The file was saved!");
                }); 
              } 
        
              //return the correct type of data depending on if Cheerio is needed
              if (with_Cheerio == "Yes") {
                return cheerio.load(response.data)
              } else {
                return (response.data);
              } 
            } catch (error) {
              return (error)
            }
          // End of Function 
          }
    

    Expected behavior

    This is what I see for players:

    Players

    <table class="sortable stats_table" id="hof_players" data-cols-to-freeze="1,2">
    <caption>Players Table</caption>
    

    ...


    This is the response I see for coaches:

    Coaches