GO implementation of the Terra 2.0 Protocol

The full-node software implementation of the Terra blockchain.

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Terra migration guides

Visit the migration guide to learn how to migrate from Terra Classic to the new Terra blockchain.

Table of Contents

• What is Terra?
• Installation
  • From Binary
  • From Source
  • terrad
• Node Setup
  • Terra node quickstart
  • Join the mainnet
  • Join a testnet
  • Run a local testnet
  • Run a single node testnet
• Set up a production environment
  • Increase maximum open files
  • Create a dedicated user
  • Port configuration
  • Run the server as a daemon
  • Register terrad as a service
  • Start, stop, or restart service
  • Access logs
• Resources
• Community
• Contributing
• License

What is Terra?

Terra is a public, open-source, proof-of-stake blockchain. The Terra Core is the reference implementation of the Terra protocol written in Golang. The Terra Core is powered by the Cosmos SDK and Tendermint BFT consensus.

Installation

From Binary

The easiest way to install the Terra Core is to download a pre-built binary. You can find the latest binaries on the releases page.

From Source

Step 1: Install Golang

Go v1.18+ or higher is required for The Terra Core.

1. Install Go 1.18+ from the official site. Ensure that your GOPATH and GOBIN environment variables are properly set up by using the following commands:

   For Windows:

   wget <https://golang.org/dl/go1.18.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz>
   sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.18.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
   export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin

   For Mac:

   export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
   export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin

2. Confirm your Go installation by checking the version:

   go version

Step 2: Get Terra Core source code

Clone the Terra Core from the official repo and check out the main branch for the latest stable release.

git clone https://github.com/terra-money/core/
cd core
git checkout main

Step 3: Build Terra core

Run the following command to install terrad to your GOPATH and build the Terra Core. terrad is the node daemon and CLI for interacting with a Terra node.

# COSMOS_BUILD_OPTIONS=rocksdb make install
make install

Step 4: Verify your installation

Verify your installation with the following command:

terrad version --long

A successful installation will return the following:

name: terra
server_name: terrad
version: <x.x.x>
commit: <Commit hash>
build_tags: netgo,ledger
go: go version go1.18.2 darwin/amd64

terrad

terrad is the all-in-one CLI and node daemon for interacting with the Terra blockchain.

To view various subcommands and their expected arguments, use the following command:

$ terrad --help

Stargate Terra App

Usage:
  terrad [command]

Available Commands:
  add-genesis-account Add a genesis account to genesis.json
  collect-gentxs      Collect genesis txs and output a genesis.json file
  debug               Tool for helping with debugging your application
  export              Export state to JSON
  gentx               Generate a genesis tx carrying a self delegation
  help                Help about any command
  init                Initialize private validator, p2p, genesis, and application configuration files
  keys                Manage your application's keys
  migrate             Migrate genesis to a specified target version
  query               Querying subcommands
  rosetta             spin up a rosetta server
  start               Run the full node
  status              Query remote node for status
  tendermint          Tendermint subcommands
  testnet             Initialize files for a terrad testnet
  tx                  Transactions subcommands
  unsafe-reset-all    Resets the blockchain database, removes address book files, and resets data/priv_validator_state.json to the genesis state
  validate-genesis    validates the genesis file at the default location or at the location passed as an arg
  version             Print the application binary version information

Flags:
  -h, --help                help for terrad
      --home string         directory for config and data (default "/Users/evan/.terra")
      --log_format string   The logging format (json|plain) (default "plain")
      --log_level string    The logging level (trace|debug|info|warn|error|fatal|panic) (default "info")
      --trace               print out full stack trace on errors

Use "terrad [command] --help" for more information about a command.

Visit the terrad documentation page for more info on usage.

Node Setup

Once you have terrad installed, you will need to set up your node to be part of the network.

Join the mainnet

The following requirements are recommended for running a mainnet node:

• Four or more CPU cores
• At least 32 GB of memory
• At least 300 mbps of network bandwidth
• At least 2 TB NVME SSD
• A Linux distribution

Terra node quickstart

terrad init nodename
wget -O ~/.terra/config/genesis.json https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/QmZAMcdu85Qr8saFuNpL9VaxVqqLGWNAs72RVFhchL9jWs
curl https://network.terra.dev/addrbook.json > ~/.terrad/config/addrbook.json
terrad start

Join a testnet

Several testnets might exist simultaneously. Ensure that your version of terrad is compatible with the network you want to join.

To set up a node on the latest testnet, visit the testnet repo.

Run a local testnet

The easiest way to set up a local testing environment is to run LocalTerra, a zero-configuration complete testing environment.

Run a single node testnet

You can also run a local testnet using a single node. On a local testnet, you will be the sole validator signing blocks.

Step 1: Create network and account

First, initialize your genesis file to bootstrap your network. Create a name for your local testnet and provide a moniker to refer to your node:

terrad init --chain-id=<testnet_name> <node_moniker>

Next, create a Terra account by running the following command:

terrad keys add <account_name>

Step 2: Add account to genesis

Add your account to genesis and set an initial balance to start. Run the following commands to add your account and set the initial balance:

terrad add-genesis-account $(terrad keys show <account_name> -a) 100000000uluna
terrad gentx <account_name> 10000000uluna --chain-id=<testnet_name>
terrad collect-gentxs

Step 3: Run terrad

Now you can start your private Terra network:

terrad start

Your terrad node will be running a node on tcp://localhost:26656, listening for incoming transactions and signing blocks.

Set up a production environment

Note: This guide only covers general settings for a production-level full node. Visit the Terra validator's guide for more information.

This guide has been tested against Linux distributions only. To ensure you successfully set up your production environment, consider setting it up on an Linux system.

Increase maximum open files

By default, terrad can't open more than 1024 files at once.

You can increase this limit by modifying /etc/security/limits.conf and raising the nofile capability.

*                soft    nofile          65535
*                hard    nofile          65535

Create a dedicated user

It is recommended that you run terrad as a normal user. Super-user accounts are only recommended during setup to create and modify files.

Port configuration

terrad uses several TCP ports for different purposes.

• 26656: The default port for the P2P protocol. Use this port to communicate with other nodes. While this port must be open to join a network, it does not have to be open to the public. Validator nodes should configure persistent_peers and close this port to the public.

• 26657: The default port for the RPC protocol. This port is used for querying / sending transactions and must be open to serve queries from terrad. DO NOT open this port to the public unless you are planning to run a public node.

• 1317: The default port for Lite Client Daemon (LCD), which can be enabled in ~/.terra/config/app.toml. The LCD provides an HTTP RESTful API layer to allow applications and services to interact with your terrad instance through RPC. Check the Terra REST API for usage examples. Don't open this port unless you need to use the LCD.

• 26660: The default port for interacting with the Prometheus database. You can use Promethues to monitor an environment. This port is closed by default.

Run the server as a daemon

Important:

Keep terrad running at all times. The simplest solution is to register terrad as a systemd service so that it automatically starts after system reboots and other events.

Register terrad as a service

First, create a service definition file in /etc/systemd/system.

Sample file: /etc/systemd/system/terrad.service

[Unit]
Description=Terra Daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=terra
ExecStart=/data/terra/go/bin/terrad start
Restart=on-abort

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=65535

Modify the Service section from the given sample above to suit your settings. Note that even if you raised the number of open files for a process, you still need to include LimitNOFILE.

After creating a service definition file, you should execute systemctl daemon-reload.

Start, stop, or restart service

Use systemctl to control (start, stop, restart)

# Start
systemctl start terrad
# Stop
systemctl stop terrad
# Restart
systemctl restart terrad

Access logs

# Entire log
journalctl -t terrad
# Entire log reversed
journalctl -t terrad -r
# Latest and continuous
journalctl -t terrad -f

Resources

Developer Tools:

• Terra docs: Developer documentation.
• Faucet: Get testnet Luna.
• LocalTerra: A dockerized local blockchain testnet.

Developer Forums:

• Terra Developer Discord
• Terra Developer Telegram room

Block Explorer:

• Terra Finder: Terra's basic block explorer.

Wallets:

• Terra Station: The official Terra wallet.
• Terra Station Mobile:
  • iOS
  • Android

Research:

• Agora: Research forum

Community

• Offical Website
• Discord
• Telegram
• Twitter
• YouTube

Contributing

If you are interested in contributing to Terra Core source, please review our code of conduct.

License

This software is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.

© 2022 Terraform Labs, PTE LTD