The HTML5 Shiv
The HTML5 Shiv enables use of HTML5 sectioning elements in legacy Internet Explorer and provides basic HTML5 styling for Internet Explorer 6-9, Safari 4.x (and iPhone 3.x), and Firefox 3.x.
What do these files do?
html5shiv.js
- This includes the basic
createElement()shiv technique, along with monkeypatches fordocument.createElementanddocument.createDocumentFragmentfor IE6-8. It also applies basic styling for HTML5 elements for IE6-9, Safari 4.x and FF 3.x.
html5shiv-printshiv.js
- This includes all of the above, as well as a mechanism allowing HTML5 elements to be styled and contain children while being printed in IE 6-8.
Who can I get mad at now?
HTML5 Shiv is maintained by Alexander Farkas, Jonathan Neal and Paul Irish, with many contributions from John-David Dalton. It is also distributed with Modernizr.
If you have any issues in these implementations, you can report them here! :)
For the full story of HTML5 Shiv and all of the people involved in making it, read The Story of the HTML5 Shiv.
Installation
Using Bower
bower install html5shiv --save
This will clone the latest version of the HTML5 shiv into the bower_components directory at the root of your project and also create or update the file bower.json which specifies your projects dependencies.
Include the HTML5 shiv in the <head> of your page in a conditional comment and after any stylesheets.
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="bower_components/html5shiv/dist/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
Manual installation
Download and extract the latest zip package from this repositiory and copy the two files dist/html5shiv.js and dist/html5shiv-printshiv.js into your project. Then include one of them into your <head> as above.
HTML5 Shiv API
HTML5 Shiv works as a simple drop-in solution. In most cases there is no need to configure HTML5 Shiv or use methods provided by HTML5 Shiv.
html5.elements option
The elements option is a space separated string or array, which describes the full list of the elements to shiv. see also addElements.
Configuring elements before html5shiv.js is included.
//create a global html5 options object
window.html5 = {
'elements': 'mark section customelement'
};
Configuring elements after html5shiv.js is included.
//change the html5shiv options object
window.html5.elements = 'mark section customelement';
//and re-invoke the `shivDocument` method
html5.shivDocument(document);
html5.shivCSS
If shivCSS is set to true HTML5 Shiv will add basic styles (mostly display: block) to sectioning elements (like section, article). In most cases a webpage author should include those basic styles in his normal stylesheet to ensure older browser support (i.e. Firefox 3.6) without JavaScript.
The shivCSS is true by default and can be set false, only before html5shiv.js is included:
//create a global html5 options object
window.html5 = {
'shivCSS': false
};
html5.shivMethods
If the shivMethods option is set to true (by default) HTML5 Shiv will override document.createElement/document.createDocumentFragment in Internet Explorer 6-8 to allow dynamic DOM creation of HTML5 elements.
Known issue: If an element is created using the overridden createElement method this element returns a document fragment as its parentNode, but should be normally null. If a script relies on this behavior, shivMethodsshould be set to false. Note: jQuery 1.7+ has implemented his own HTML5 DOM creation fix for Internet Explorer 6-8. If all your scripts (including Third party scripts) are using jQuery's manipulation and DOM creation methods, you might want to set this option to false.
Configuring shivMethods before html5shiv.js is included.
//create a global html5 options object
window.html5 = {
'shivMethods': false
};
Configuring elements after html5shiv.js is included.
//change the html5shiv options object
window.html5.shivMethods = false;
html5.addElements( newElements [, document] )
The html5.addElements method extends the list of elements to shiv. The newElements argument can be a whitespace separated list or an array.
//extend list of elements to shiv
html5.addElements('element content');
html5.createElement( nodeName [, document] )
The html5.createElement method creates a shived element, even if shivMethods is set to false.
var container = html5.createElement('div');
//container is shived so we can add HTML5 elements using `innerHTML`
container.innerHTML = '<section>This is a section</section>';
html5.createDocumentFragment( [document] )
The html5.createDocumentFragment method creates a shived document fragment, even if shivMethods is set to false.
var fragment = html5.createDocumentFragment();
var container = document.createElement('div');
fragment.appendChild(container);
//fragment is shived so we can add HTML5 elements using `innerHTML`
container.innerHTML = '<section>This is a section</section>';
HTML5 Shiv Known Issues and Limitations
- The
shivMethodsoption (overridingdocument.createElement) and thehtml5.createElementmethod create elements, which are not disconnected and have a parentNode (see also issue #64) - The cloneNode problem is currently not addressed by HTML5 Shiv. HTML5 elements can be dynamically created, but can't be cloned in all cases.
- The printshiv version of HTML5 Shiv has to alter the print styles and the whole DOM for printing. In case of complex websites and or a lot of print styles this might cause performance and/or styling issues. A possible solution could be the htc-branch of HTML5 Shiv, which uses another technique to implement print styles for Internet Explorer 6-8.
What about the other HTML5 element projects?
- The original conception and community collaboration story of the project is described at The History of the HTML5 Shiv.
- IEPP, by Jon Neal, addressed the printing fault of the original
html5shiv. It was merged intohtml5shiv. - Shimprove, in April 2010, patched
cloneNodeandcreateElementwas later merged intohtml5shiv - innerShiv, introduced in August 2010 by JD Barlett, addressed dynamically adding new HTML5 elements into the DOM. jQuery added support that made innerShiv redundant and
html5shivaddressed the same issues as well, so the project was completed. - The html5shim and html5shiv sites on Google Code are maintained by Remy Sharp and are identical distribution points of this
html5shivproject. - Modernizr is developed by the same people as
html5shivand can include the latest version in any custom builds created at modernizr.com - This
html5shivrepo now contains tests for all the edge cases pursued by the above libraries and has been extensively tested, both in development and production.
A detailed changelog of html5shiv is available.
Why is it called a shiv?
The term shiv originates from John Resig, who was thought to have used the word for its slang meaning, a sharp object used as a knife-like weapon, intended for Internet Explorer. Truth be known, John probably intended to use the word shim, which in computing means an application compatibility workaround. Rather than correct his mispelling, most developers familiar with Internet Explorer appreciated the visual imagery. And that, kids, is etymology.
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